Indian Penal Code IPC 403 Section PDF
IPC 403 Section – Dishonest misappropriation of property
Indian Penal Code IPC 403 Section
Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use any movable property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Illustrations
(a) A takes property belonging to Z out of Z’s possession, in good faith believing at the time when he takes it, that the property belongs to himself. A is not guilty of theft; but if A, after discovering his mistake, dishonestly appropriates the property to his own use, he is guilty of an offence under this section.
(b) A, being on friendly terms with Z, goes into Z’s library in Z’s absence, and takes away a book without Z’s express consent. Here, if A was under the impression that he had Z’s implied consent to take the book for the purpose of reading it, A has not committed theft. But, if A afterwards sells the book for his own benefit, he is guilty of an offence under this section.
(c) A and B, being, joint owners of a horse, A takes the horse out of B’s possession, intending to use it. Here, as A has a right to use the horse, he does not dishonestly misappropriate it. But, if A sells the horse and appropriates the whole proceeds to his own use, he is guilty of an offence under this section.
Explanation 1.—A dishonest misappropriation for a time only is a misappropriation with the meaning of this section. Illustration A finds a Government promissory note belonging to Z, bearing a blank endorsement. A, knowing that the note belongs to Z, pledges it with a banker as a security or a loan, intending at a future time to restore it to Z. A has committed an offence under this section.
Explanation 2.—A person who finds property not in the possession of any other person, and takes such property for the purpose of protecting it for, or of restoring it to, the owner, does not take or misappropriate it dishonestly, and is not guilty of an offence; but he is guilty of the offence above defined, if he appropriates it to his own use, when he knows or has the means of discovering the owner, or before he has used reasonable means to discover and give notice to the owner and has kept the property a reasonable time to enable the owner to claim it.
What are reasonable means or what is a reasonable time in such a case, is a question of fact.
It is not necessary that the finder should know who is the owner of the property, or that any particular person is the owner of it; it is sufficient if, at the time of appropriating it, he does not believe it to be his own property, or in good faith believe that the real owner cannot be found.
Illustrations
(a) A finds a rupee on the high road, not knowing to whom the rupee belongs, A picks up the rupee. Here A has not committed the offence defined in this section.
(b) A finds a letter on the road, containing a bank note. From the direction and contents of the letter he learns to whom the note belongs. He appropriates the note. He is guilty of an offence under this section.
(c) A finds a cheque payable to bearer. He can form no conjecture as to the person who has lost the cheque. But the name of the person, who has drawn the cheque, appears. A knows that this person can direct him to the person in whose favour the cheque was drawn. A appropriates the cheque without attempting to discover the owner. He is guilty of an offence under this section.
(d) A sees Z drop his purse with money in it. A picks up the purse with the intention of restoring it to Z, but afterwards appropriates it to his own use. A has committed an offence under this section.
(e) A finds a purse with money, not knowing to whom it belongs; he afterwards discovers that it belongs to Z, and appropriates it to his own use. A is guilty of an offence under this section.
(f) A finds a valuable ring, not knowing to whom it belongs. A sells it immediately without attempting to discover the owner. A is guilty of an offence under this section.
THE INDIAN PENAL CODE Section 403, IPC 403 PDF Download
IPC, Indian Penal Code (All Chapters, Sections)
IPC Section 511 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 510 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 509 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 508 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 507 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 505 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 503 of Indian Penal Code – Criminal intimidation
Read More
IPC Section 502 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 501 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 500 of Indian Penal Code Punishment for defamation
Read More
IPC Section 497 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 496 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 495 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 494 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 493 of Indian Penal Code OFFENCES RELATINGTO MARRIAGE
Read More
IPC Section 492 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 491 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 490 of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC Section 489E of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 489D Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 489C Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 489B Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 489A Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 489 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 488 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 487 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 486 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 485 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 484 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 483 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 482 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 481 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 480 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 479 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 478 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 477A Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 477 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 476 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 475 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 474 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 473 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 472 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 470 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 469 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 467 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 466 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 465 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 464 Section of Indian Penal Code – Making a false document
Read More
IPC 463 Section of Indian Penal Code – Forgery
Read More
IPC 462 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 461 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 460 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 459 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 458 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 457 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 456 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 455 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 453 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 451 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 450 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 449 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 448 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 447 Section of Indian Penal Code – Punishment for criminal trespass
Read More
IPC 446 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 445 Section of Indian Penal Code – Housebreaking
Read More
IPC 444 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 443 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 442 Section of Indian Penal Code – House trespass
Read More
IPC 441 Section of Indian Penal Code – Criminal trespass
Read More
IPC 440 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 439 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 438 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 437 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 436 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More
IPC 435 Section of Indian Penal Code
Read More